In addition, because bones can be preserved as fossils, comparative research. They have a cartilage skeleton no bone, lack vertebral centra and paired fins, and have a series of pores for gas exchange on the side of the body no gill slits. Early species had heavy bony scales and plates in their skin key features cont in most cases the skeleton is cartilaginous. Evolution of vertebrates lecture outline january 6 introduction january 8 unit 1 vertebrate diversity and classification january unit 2 chordatevertebrate bauplan january 15 unit 3 early vertebrates and agnathans january 20 unit 4 gnathostome bauplan.
Click create pdf xps document, then click create pdf xps. Ppt class agnatha powerpoint presentation, free download. Triple evolutionary sources chondorcranium okenowen richard owen. Meaning of phylum chordata important features of phylum chordata chordate features shared by the nonchordates ancestry of phylum chordata outline classification of phylum. The agnathan enteropancreatic endocrine system tspace. Because vertebrate skeletons can be viewed as aggregates of apparently discrete units, namely bones, they have attracted the interest of comparative anatomists since even before the dawn of the concept of evolution. Living species hagfish, lamprey belong to the group called cyclostomes. Description of lamprey external features of lamprey body wall and muscles. Save powerpoint presentations as pdf files office support. Immediately behind head is row of pores thought to be gill openings. Fish and mammals show some similarities and some differences regarding immune function table i. Gnathostomes jawed mouth mid ordovician period agnathans jawless vertebrates.
Agnathan, superclass agnatha, any member of the group of primitive jawless fishes that includes the lampreys order petromyzoniformes, hagfishes order. They are diploblastic animals with two layers, the outer dermal layer and the inner gastral layer. Comparative anatomy changes in vertebrate body with the passage of time. The defining characteristic of vertebrates is their backbone, an anatomical feature that first appeared in the fossil record about 500 million years ago during the ordovician period. Digestive tract and parasitic feeding the superior design of the buccal funnel allows it to attach to fish and get a good seal, which helps maintain correct pressure for blood flow. Living jawless fishes agnathans first fossils of lampreys and hagfish appeared after most modern fishes and even tetrapods hagfish lamprey myxiniformes petromyzontiformes a jawless b single gonad c skeleton cartilaginous or fibrous no vertebrae d no paired fins e no body armor f. But there are two main types of respiratory organs gills for aquatic respiration and lungs for aerial respiration. Cyclostomes lack bony skeletons, in which regard, they are probably degenerate. Comparative account of jaw suspension 1in agnathans the jaw suspension is in paleostylic stage in which none of the arches attach themselves directly to the skull. They are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, coelomate with organsystem level of organisation.
Lamprey larva ammocoete as a model muscular pump to filter feed brain and sense organs gill filaments with lamellae chordates bio202 2012 scharf garstangs hypothesis bio202 2012 scharf ammocoete larva. Meaning of phylum chordata important features of phylum chordata chordate features shared by the nonchordates ancestry of phylum chordata outline classification of phylum chordata 1. Each of these is found in at least some stage of the life cycle of all members. The agnatha, or jawless fishes, represent the first vertebrate stock whose line of. Clostridium perfingustype d which is a bacteria in the digestive tract.
The oldest vertebrate species were discovered in theogos in 530millionyearold shale fossil beds in china, where scientists uncovered two types of tiny jawless fish they named haikouichthys and myllokunmingia previously, fish werent thought to have arisen until some 50 million years later, well into the ordovician. Hormones carry out their functions by evoking responses from specific organs or tissues that are adapted to react to minute quantities of them. Jawless fish i ostracodermsarmoured, jawless fishused gills only for respirationno paired fins, so probably poor swimmers. Agnathans hagfish and lampreys fibrous sclera chondrichthyans sharks, rays cartilaginous plates teleosts bony fish sclerotic bones well developed in the mackerels, tunas and billfishes. Anaspids were small marine agnathans that lacked heavy bony shield and paired fins, but have a striking highly hypocercal tail. Lecture notes will be available as pdf files and there will be a series of handouts available as pdf files. The main difference between excretion and osmoregulation is that excretion is the removal of metabolic waste, toxic substances and nonuseful material from the body while osmoregulation is the homeostatic regulation of osmotic pressure in the body in order to maintain constant water content. Body shape can be cylindrical, vaselike, rounded or saclike. A song written to help students memorize the characteristics that differentiate mammals, reptiles, birds, fish, and amphibians.
Life in water january 22 unit 5 early gnathostomes january 27 unit 6 chondrichthyans. Elasmobranchs gills lay on septa that become external valves separate gill slits 3. When you save presentation as a pdf file it freezes the formatting and layout. The classical view of hormones is that they are transmitted to their targets in the bloodstream after. They are generally marine aquatic organisms, with a few freshwater species. The group is sister to all vertebrates with jaws, known as gnathostomes recent molecular data, both from rrna and from mtdna as well as embryological data strongly supports. Animals belonging to phylum chordata are fundamentally characterised by the presence of a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord and paired pharyngeal relating to the pharynx gill slits. Phylum chordata subphylum vertebrata craniata special features. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Feb 21, 2014 comparative account of jaw suspension 1in agnathans the jaw suspension is in paleostylic stage in which none of the arches attach themselves directly to the skull. Hagfish class myxini entirely marine scavengers or predators feeding off dead or dying fish and sea life. Evidence supports, jaws evolved from gill arches in fish.
Mar 19, 2018 the main difference between excretion and osmoregulation is that excretion is the removal of metabolic waste, toxic substances and nonuseful material from the body while osmoregulation is the homeostatic regulation of osmotic pressure in the body in order to maintain constant water content. Difference between excretion and osmoregulation compare the. The survival advantage gained through adding this type of adaptive immune system to a preexisting innate immune system led to the evolution of alternative ways for lymphocytes to generate diverse. Schematic presentation of one view of so matostatin ss. Living jawless fishes agnathans first fossils of lampreys and hagfish appeared after most modern fishes and even tetrapods hagfish lamprey myxiniformes petromyzontiformes a jawless b single gonad c skeleton cartilaginous or fibrous no vertebrae d no paired fins e no body armor f single median nostril. The vertebrate skeletal system has paramount importance for analyses in evolutionary biology.
Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Vertebrate evolution torsten bernhardt redpath museum, mcgill university. Remodeling splanchnocranium triple evolutionary sources. Lecture 8 history of fishes ray troll picture card sharks structural patterns and trends in diversification fish subsumed since cope 1889 proposed agnatha jawless fishes and gnathostome lines hasnt really stood the test of time explain later. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. People can view the slides even if they dont have powerpoint, but they cant make changes to it. Hagfishes are minor pests of commercial food fisheries of the north atlantic, but lampreys, because. Marine conservation science and policy learning service program jawless fishes including the hagfishes and lampreys are a very small group of fishes comprising two families. As in all vertebrates, fish have cellular and humoral immune responses, and central organs whose the main function is involved in immune defence.
Comparative account of jaw suspension linkedin slideshare. Therefore, the closest relatives of vertebrates are urochordates and cephalochordates. Chordata refers to an animal phylum characterized by the presence of pharyngeal gill slits, a notochord, a dorsal, hollow, nerve cord, and a postanal tail. Pteraspidomorphida 2 anaspidian agnathans streamlined bodies and small scales suggest strong swimmers.
The extant jawless fishes agnatha include the hagfishes and lampreys whose ancestry can be. Pdf converter is a online webbased document to pdf converter software. Agnathans gnathostomes splanchnocranium ijaws general functions 1 prey traps. Cyclostomata is a group of agnathans that comprises the living jawless fishes. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Comparative vertebrate anatomy lecture 1 free download as powerpoint presentation. Notochord supports body nervous system develops from dorsal nerve cord embryos have pharynx with slits embryos have tail that extends past anus three subphyla two invertebrate subphyla 1. Animal life began in the precambrian seas with the evolution of multicellular creatures that ate other. Powered by create your own unique website with customizable templates. Bony fishes gills on short internal septa, single opening opercular opening evolutionary trends.
Vertebrates are a wellknown group of animals that includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Agnatha jawless fish general fish information fish make up half of all vertebrates on. Agnathan, superclass agnatha, any member of the group of primitive jawless fishes that includes the lampreys order petromyzoniformes, hagfishes order myxiniformes, and several extinct groups. Difference between urochordata and cephalochordata. A clonally diverse anticipatory repertoire in which each lymphocyte bears a unique antigen receptor is the central feature of the adaptive immune system that evolved in our vertebrate ancestors. Glomeruli are masses of capillaries that along with bowmans capsule filter the blood the first step in eliminating waste products from the blood. In this blog we have talked many times about the evolution of different groups of vertebrates. Respiratory system in vertebrates with diagram chordata. Prefers, blood and body fluids, but some flesh etc. Homeostasis chapter 7 autonomic nervous system poor in agnathans but well developed in teleosts along either side of spine controls involuntary functions homeostasis chapter 7 thermal regulation cold blooded vs warm blooded poikilotherm vs homeotherm. Introduction people, unconsciously, use incorrectly the term. Powerpoint of integumentary syytem linkedin slideshare.
Here are various groups of vertebrates in the order in which they evolved. Nov 25, 2015 the origin of vertebrates 25112015 marc arenas camps 5 comentaris in this blog we have talked many times about the evolution of different groups of vertebrates. Comparative vertebrate anatomy lecture 1 vertebrates. Monogastric nutrition nutrient requirements simple stomached require readily digestible feed cannot use complex carbohydrates cellulose, hemicellulose, etc.
The three subphyla of the phylum chordata are urochordata, cephalochordata, and vertebrata. Ppt chordata powerpoint presentation free to download. These early vertebrates, the agnathans, lacked jaws. Convert and create pdf from various types of files like word doc, excel xls, powerpoint ppt. Hormone, organic substance secreted by plants and animals that functions in the regulation of physiological activities and in maintaining homeostasis. Principal fossil representat ives belonged to the group called ostracoderms heavily armored with bone. Evolution of the vertebrates part ii, invasion of the land problems in adapting to life on the land support, drying out, reproduction. The kids loved singing it and learn the traits of the different vertebrates and are exposed to the terms cla. Strange hypocercal tail probably raised anterior end of body in swimming. Pdf hypothalamicpituitarygonadal endocrine system in. This teaching resource was made possible with funding from the promoscience programme of nserc.
This chapter describes what is known about the main components and responses of the innate and adaptive immune system of fi sh. Difference between excretion and osmoregulation compare. They first appeared in the early silurian, and flourished until the late devonian extinction, 16 where most species, save for lampreys, became extinct due to the environmental upheaval during that time. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Agnatha is a superclass of jawless fish in the phylum chordata, subphylum vertebrata. In this article we will discuss about phylum chordata. In the publish as pdf or xps dialog box, choose a location to save the file to. Require essential amino acids cannot synthesize amino acids poor quality protein, npn water water important nutrient 5580% of animal is water depends on age uses hydration, medium for moving wastes into and out of body component of. The extant jawless fishes agnatha include the hagfishes and lampreys whose ancestry can be traced through a conserved.
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